Anak-Pak-Yusran-ikut-memancing.jpg

Ikan, Sumber Pangan Hewani dari Hutan Rawa Gambut
Fish, an Animal Food Source from Peat Swamp Forests

Memancing merupakan suatu kegiatan untuk mendapatkan ikan yang banyak digemari kaum laki-laki maupun perempuan dari semua tingkat umur dan ekonomi. Memancing ikan bagi sebagian orang merupakan sarana selain untuk menyalurkan hobi atau meluangkan waktu hanya sekedar mencari hiburan dan dapat menenangkan serta menjernihkan pikiran.

Namun bagi sebagian orang tertentu aktifitas memancing ikan merupakan hobi yang memang ditekuni, sebagian orang lagi memancing ikan bertujuan mencari rezeki untuk menafkahi keluarganya. Memancing ikan bisa melatih kesabaran dan ketekunan diri, dimanifestasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari agar dapat menyikapi dengan sabar dalam menghadapi berbagai masalah hidup. 

Yusran bersama putranya yang sedang libur sekolah merupakan salah satu masyarakat Desa Mantaren I sedang mengadu peruntungan mencari ikan. Beliau nampak menikmatinya selain memberikan pengalaman dan melatih kesabaran kepada putranya, ikan yang didapat berguna untuk memenuhi lauk pauk di rumah tangganya. Putra beliau berdiri memegang pancingan sembari raut muka serius dan matanya fokus menatap permukaan air gambut yang tenang berukuran lima meter persegi ditepian handel atau parit Sei Sala. Handil merupakan area hasil dari kegiatan yang dibuat berupa parit kecil selebar ukuran sampan kecil keltotok yang biasa menjadi alat transportasi air masyarakat adat dayak.

Kerusakan ekosistem rawa gambut akibat kebakaran hebat hutan gambut berturut-turut pada dua dekade terakhir merupakan musibah besar yang menyebabkan berkurangnya sejumlah populasi salah satunya Ikan. Kerusakan hutan primer sebagai sumber daya kehidupan mempengaruhi ekosistem dari hulu hingga hilir sungai lahan gambut. Jenis spesies  ikan yang bisa hidup di hutan rawa gambut diantaranya ikan papuyu, kakapar, betok, baung, kihung, lais, pantet/lele, patung, karandang, dan behau/gabus.

Secara mandiri beberapa tahun terakhir hutan gambut bertahap secara alami mulai memulihkan ekosistemnya melalui sumber daya dan benih-benih kehidupan yang tersisa. Sebagaian hutan primer mulai ditumbuhi pepohonan tinggi, namun tidak mencakup semua wilayah karena terhambat oleh karakteristik lahan gambut dan berbagai rantai kehidupan ekosistem flora dan fauna yang keanekaragamannya telah hilang.  

Berbekal peralatan sederhana dan ramah lingkungan Yusran mencari ikan ditepian Hadel Sei Sala menggunakan alat bambu pancing kail, perangkap bambu pancing banjur dan bubu dari bambu. Mencari ikan dengan peralatan sederhana akan lebih aman untuk menjaga supaya ikan segar dan ekosistem terjaga. Seperti kita ketahui dan harus diingat bahwa menangkap ikan di sungai tidak di perbolehkan menggunakan racun seperti potaz ataupun bom atau bahan peledak yang dapat merusak biota dan ekosistemnya. Kearifan lokal masyarakat dayak menangkap ikan ngarungi secara tradisional pada musim kemarau. Menangkap dengan kedua tangan atau ada yang juga menggunakan alat yang disebut tangguk atau saok.

 

Yusran sebenarnya baru kali ini mencari ikan ditepian sei Sala.

“Ketika ikutserta pembuatan sumur bor kan lewat sini, saya lihat permukaan airnya tenang dan muncul gelembung-gelembung udara dan sesekali ikan-ikan ke permukaan. Jadi saya coba cari ikan disini barangkali dapat lumayan banyak” ujar Yusran sambil menunjuk area tepian sei sala yang dimaksud Sambil memasang umpan cacaing untuk ikan pada mata kail pancing banjur yang akan dipasang dibeberapa titik aliran malang.  Dengan ramah beliau menceritakan bahwa dirinya pernah tergabung dalam MPA (Masyarakat Peduli Api) serta diamanahkan sebagai bendahara tim.

 

“Ikan Kakapar, itu baru sedikit yang didapat juga kecil-kecil” sambil tersenyum menunjuk ember milik putranya yang memancing

Menurut Yusran sebelum hutan dilanda musibah kebakaran banyak orang dari desanya mencari ikan di hutan desa.

“Kalau masyarkat mencari ikan secara tidak langsung kan sudah menjaga hutan dari penebangan kayu illegal dan perburuan. Dulu banyak orang-orang luar desa berburu hewan karena memang terkenal disini banyak babi hutan, rusa, monyet “ ungkap Yusran

Yusran secara pribadi mewakili masyarakat Desa Mantaren I berterimakasih dan mengapresiasi setiap program restorasi hutan gambut semenjak baik yang berasal dari pemerintah maupun teman-teman NGO, khusunya saat ini KPSHK dari Bogor.

“Semoga program yang dilaksanakan lancar sesuai dengan yang dituju, bermanfaat untuk masyarakat, dan hutan gambut disini bisa pulih kembali. Semoga hutan tidak ada kebakaran lagi, kalau ingat dulu kebakaran berhari-hari siang kelihatan jadi gelap kemerahan diselimuti asap, nafas sesak, mata perih, yang jelas tidak mau lagi terulang lagi yang begitu” ungkap Yusran

Penulis : Aris

Editor : Joko dan Alma

Fishing is a popular activity for catching fish, enjoyed by men and women of all ages and socioeconomic levels. For some, fishing is not only a hobby but also a way to spend time, but also a way to relax and clear the mind.

However, for some, fishing is a dedicated hobby, while others fish to earn a living to support their families. Fishing can train patience and perseverance, which are manifested in daily life, enabling them to patiently face life’s challenges.

Yusran and his son, who are on school holidays, are among the residents of Mantaren I Village, trying their luck fishing. He seems to be enjoying it, not only providing experience and training his patience, but also adding to the household’s side dishes. His son stands holding a fishing rod, his face serious, and his eyes focused on the surface of the calm, five-square-meter peat water on the edge of the Sei Sala ditch. Handil is a result of activities created in the form of a small ditch about the width of a small keltotok canoe, a traditional means of water transportation for the Dayak people.

The destruction of the peat swamp ecosystem due to consecutive severe peat forest fires over the past two decades has been a major disaster, causing a decline in several populations, including fish. The destruction of primary forests, a vital resource, affects the ecosystem from the upstream to the downstream of peatland rivers. Fish species that can survive in peat swamp forests include papuyu, snapper, climbing perch, baung, kihung, lais, pantet/lele, patung, karandang, and behau/snakehead perch.

In recent years, the peat forest has been gradually recovering its ecosystem naturally through the remaining resources and seeds of life. Some primary forests are beginning to grow tall trees, but this is not the case in all areas due to the characteristics of the peatland and the loss of various life cycles in the diverse flora and fauna ecosystem.

Armed with simple, environmentally friendly equipment, Yusran fished along the banks of Hadel Sei Sala using bamboo fishing rods, bamboo traps, and bamboo fish traps. Fishing with simple equipment is safer, ensuring the fish are fresh and the ecosystem is protected. As we know, it’s important to remember that fishing in rivers is prohibited using poisons such as potassium hydroxide, bombs, or explosives, which can damage the biota and ecosystem. The Dayak community’s local wisdom is to catch fish using the traditional ngarungi method during the dry season. They catch fish with both hands, or some also use a tool called a tangguk or saok.

 

Bubu, a traditional fish trap. Mantaren I, June 2024. K.P.SHK.

 

Banjur Ikan traditional fish trap tool. Mantaren I, June 2024. K.P.SHK.

This was actually Yusran’s first time fishing on the banks of the Sala River.

“When I was working on the well drilling, I passed by here. I saw the water surface was calm, with bubbles appearing, and the occasional fish surfacing. So I tried fishing here, hoping I’d catch quite a few,” Yusran said, pointing to the area along the banks of the Sala River in question. He also attached a piece of bait called cacaing (a type of fish) to the hook of a banjur fishing rod that would be placed at several points in the Malang River. He amiably shared that he had been a member of the MPA (Masyarakat Peduli Api) and had been entrusted with the role of team treasurer.

 

Yusran installs fish bait worms on the fish rod. Mantaren, I June 2024. K.P.SHK.

“Snappers, that’s just a few, and they’re all small,” he said, smiling, pointing to his son’s fishing bucket.

According to Yusran, before the forest fires, many people from his village fished in the village forest.

“When people fish, they indirectly protect the forest from illegal logging and hunting. In the past, many people from outside the village hunted animals because the area is known for its abundance of wild boar, deer, and monkeys,” Yusran explained.

Yusran, personally representing the people of Mantaren I Village, expressed his gratitude and appreciation for every peatland forest restoration program since then, both from the government and NGO partners, especially the current KPSHK from Bogor.

“Hopefully, the program will run smoothly and achieve its intended results, benefit the community, and allow the peat forests here to recover. Hopefully, there will be no more forest fires. Remember, past fires would last for days, and the day would appear dark and reddish, shrouded in smoke, making it difficult to breathe, and causing eyes to sting. We definitely don’t want that to happen again,” said Yusran.

Author: Aris

Editors: Joko and Alma

 

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